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Health & WellnessHard

Advanced Nutrition and Diet

The macronutrient that weighs 9 kcal per gram versus 4 for proteins, the omega-3 from oily fish that protects the retina, the vitamin your skin makes in sunlight. 20 questions on vitamins, trace elements, fibre and deficiencies, from scurvy to night blindness. From the glycaemic index to good cholesterol, brush up your nutrition for good.

20

Questions

4

Minutes

Tip: Use keys 1-4 to answer quickly

The 20 quiz questions

Question 1 : Which vitamin is mainly synthesized by the skin through sun exposure?

Possible answers:

  • Vitamin D
  • Vitamin C
  • Vitamin E
  • Vitamin A

Explanation: Vitamin D is produced by the skin under the effect of UVB rays from the sun. It is essential for calcium absorption and bone health.

Question 2 : Which macronutrient provides approximately 9 kilocalories per gram?

Possible answers:

  • Carbohydrates
  • Lipids
  • Proteins
  • Fiber

Explanation: Lipids (fats) provide 9 kcal/g, compared to 4 kcal/g for proteins and carbohydrates, making them the most energy-dense source.

Question 3 : Which mineral is essential for oxygen transport in the blood?

Possible answers:

  • Zinc
  • Calcium
  • Iron
  • Magnesium

Explanation: Iron is a key component of hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that transports oxygen throughout the body.

Question 4 : Which omega-3 fatty acid is mainly found in fatty fish?

Possible answers:

  • ALA
  • Linoleic acid
  • Oleic acid
  • DHA

Explanation: EPA and DHA are marine omega-3s, but DHA is particularly important for the brain and retina.

Question 5 : Which vitamin deficiency causes scurvy?

Possible answers:

  • Vitamin C
  • Vitamin B12
  • Vitamin A
  • Vitamin K

Explanation: Scurvy is caused by vitamin C deficiency. It was common among sailors who did not consume fresh fruits during long voyages.

Question 6 : What is the approximate glycemic index of pure glucose?

Possible answers:

  • 50
  • 75
  • 100
  • 150

Explanation: Pure glucose has a glycemic index of 100, serving as the reference for measuring carbohydrate absorption speed.

Question 7 : Which hormone regulates blood sugar levels?

Possible answers:

  • Leptin
  • Insulin
  • Adrenaline
  • Glucagon

Explanation: Insulin, produced by the pancreas, allows cells to absorb blood glucose and regulates blood sugar levels.

Question 8 : How many essential amino acids can the human body not synthesize?

Possible answers:

  • 6
  • 8
  • 9
  • 12

Explanation: There are 9 essential amino acids that the body cannot make and must be obtained from food.

Question 9 : Which type of dietary fiber promotes intestinal transit?

Possible answers:

  • Prebiotics
  • Fermentable fibers
  • Insoluble fibers
  • Soluble fibers

Explanation: Insoluble fibers (cellulose, lignin) increase stool volume and speed up transit, unlike soluble fibers which form a gel.

Question 10 : Which antioxidant gives tomatoes their red color?

Possible answers:

  • Anthocyanin
  • Beta-carotene
  • Lutein
  • Lycopene

Explanation: Lycopene is a powerful antioxidant carotenoid. Its bioavailability increases with cooking and added fats.

Question 11 : Which vitamin is necessary for blood clotting?

Possible answers:

  • Vitamin K
  • Vitamin B9
  • Vitamin E
  • Vitamin B6

Explanation: Vitamin K is essential for the synthesis of clotting factors. Its name comes from the German word "Koagulation".

Question 12 : Which trace element is essential for thyroid function?

Possible answers:

  • Manganese
  • Iodine
  • Selenium
  • Copper

Explanation: Iodine is essential for the synthesis of thyroid hormones T3 and T4, which regulate metabolism.

Question 13 : What percentage of the human body is made up of water approximately?

Possible answers:

  • 40%
  • 50%
  • 60%
  • 70%

Explanation: The adult human body is about 60% water. This percentage varies by age, sex, and body composition. Infants can contain up to 75% water.

Question 14 : Which disease is caused by vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency?

Possible answers:

  • Pellagra
  • Anemia
  • Beriberi
  • Rickets

Explanation: Beriberi is caused by thiamine deficiency, historically common in Asia where refined white rice was the staple food.

Question 15 : Which nutrient is the main component of cell membranes?

Possible answers:

  • Fatty acids
  • Triglycerides
  • Cholesterol
  • Phospholipids

Explanation: Phospholipids form the lipid bilayer of cell membranes, ensuring their structure and selective permeability.

Question 16 : What is the scientific name for "good cholesterol"?

Possible answers:

  • HDL
  • VLDL
  • LDL
  • Triglycerides

Explanation: HDL (High Density Lipoprotein) transports cholesterol from tissues to the liver for elimination, unlike LDL.

Question 17 : Which organ produces bile necessary for fat digestion?

Possible answers:

  • The pancreas
  • The liver
  • The gallbladder
  • The stomach

Explanation: The liver produces bile which is stored in the gallbladder, then released into the intestine to emulsify fats.

Question 18 : Which vitamin is also called folic acid?

Possible answers:

  • Vitamin B12
  • Vitamin B6
  • Vitamin B9
  • Vitamin B3

Explanation: Vitamin B9 (folic acid) is crucial for DNA synthesis and particularly important during pregnancy.

Question 19 : Which type of carbohydrate is stored in the liver and muscles?

Possible answers:

  • Sucrose
  • Fructose
  • Starch
  • Glycogen

Explanation: Glycogen is the storage form of glucose in animals, released when energy is needed.

Question 20 : Which deficiency causes night blindness?

Possible answers:

  • Vitamin A deficiency
  • Lutein deficiency
  • Zinc deficiency
  • Vitamin E deficiency

Explanation: Vitamin A (retinol) is essential for vision, particularly for rhodopsin synthesis in the retinal rods.

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