September 10 in History

Explanation: Founded in the middle of World War I, Le Canard Enchaîné chose its name as a reference to the press 'chained' by military censorship. Its title played on the word 'canard', slang for newspaper, and the expression 'canard enchaîné' symbolized a muzzled press that the paper claimed to be fighting against.

Explanation: The Treaty of Nystad was signed between Sweden and Russia under Peter the Great, marking Russia's emergence as a major Baltic power. This victory allowed Peter I to take the title of Emperor of Russia, transforming the country into a modern empire.

Explanation: Karl Lagerfeld led the Chanel and Fendi houses simultaneously for decades, a rare feat in the fashion industry. He was also a prolific photographer and owned a personal library of more than 300,000 volumes in his Parisian apartment.

Explanation: Luigi Lucheni, an Italian anarchist, stabbed the empress with a nail file on the quay in Geneva. Elisabeth of Wittelsbach, wife of Franz Joseph I, was travelling incognito under the name Countess of Hohenems. Lucheni had initially wanted to assassinate a prince but, having missed him, turned his attention to the empress.

Explanation: The LHC, straddling the border between France and Switzerland near Geneva, is the largest and most powerful particle accelerator ever built. It spans 27 kilometers in circumference and in 2012 confirmed the existence of the Higgs boson, sometimes called the 'God particle'.

Explanation: Dragon Ball, inspired by the Chinese novel 'Journey to the West', debuted in 1985 in the magazine Weekly Shōnen Jump. The series was first a humorous adventure story before becoming one of the best-selling manga franchises in the world, with more than 300 million volumes sold.

Explanation: Jean sans Peur, Duke of Burgundy, was assassinated on the bridge at Montereau during a meeting with the future Charles VII. This act triggered an alliance between the Burgundians and the English, sealed by the Treaty of Troyes in 1420, which recognized Henry V of England as heir to the French throne.

Explanation: Switzerland, long committed to its traditional neutrality, had resisted joining the UN for decades. Its membership was approved by popular referendum in March 2002, with 54.6% of votes in favor. Switzerland remains outside the European Union and maintains its policy of neutrality.

Explanation: Alec Jeffreys made his discovery at the University of Leicester on September 10, 1984, by observing variations in DNA sequences between individuals. The technique was quickly adopted by British police as early as 1986 to solve criminal cases, and today it is used in both forensic science and paternity testing.

Explanation: The siege of La Rochelle lasted fourteen months, from 1627 to 1628. Richelieu had a gigantic dike built to cut the city off from all English maritime supplies. The fall of La Rochelle marked the end of the military independence of the Huguenot Protestants in France, although the Edict of Nantes still guaranteed them freedom of worship.