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TechnologyHard

Digital Revolution and AI

Python released by Guido van Rossum in 1991, GPT-4 launched by OpenAI in March 2023, SQL designed at IBM in the 1970s, Ethereum launched by Vitalik Buterin in 2015: 10 technical questions on AI and code.

20

Questions

4

Minutes

Tip: Use keys 1-4 to answer quickly

The 20 quiz questions

Question 1 : Which programming language was created by Guido van Rossum?

Possible answers:

  • Python
  • Ruby
  • Java
  • JavaScript

Explanation: Guido van Rossum released Python in 1991, naming it after the comedy troupe Monty Python rather than the snake. The language climbed to number one on the TIOBE index in 2024, dominating data science and AI.

Question 2 : Which company developed the GPT-4 AI model?

Possible answers:

  • OpenAI
  • Meta
  • Microsoft
  • Google

Explanation: OpenAI, founded in 2015 by Sam Altman, Elon Musk, and others, launched GPT-4 in March 2023. This multimodal model can analyze text and images. OpenAI also created ChatGPT (November 2022), which reached 100 million users in just 2 months, an absolute record.

Question 3 : What does the acronym SQL stand for?

Possible answers:

  • Standard Query Logic
  • System Query Language
  • Simple Query Language
  • Structured Query Language

Explanation: SQL was designed at IBM in the 1970s by Donald Chamberlin and Raymond Boyce, building on Edgar Codd's relational model. Standardised by ANSI in 1986, it remains the dominant database language more than fifty years on.

Question 4 : Which protocol secures web connections with a padlock?

Possible answers:

  • FTP
  • HTTPS
  • SSH
  • HTTP

Explanation: HTTPS encrypts traffic with TLS, the successor of SSL invented by Netscape in 1994 along with its famous padlock icon. Over 95% of global web traffic now runs on HTTPS, largely thanks to Let's Encrypt and its free certificates.

Question 5 : Which technology enables the creation of decentralized applications?

Possible answers:

  • IoT
  • Blockchain
  • Cloud Computing
  • Machine Learning

Explanation: The concept appeared in 2008 in Satoshi Nakamoto's Bitcoin whitepaper, but it was Ethereum, launched in 2015 by Vitalik Buterin, that popularised smart contracts and dApps. Over 1.2 trillion dollars now flow through these networks.

Question 6 : Which Google algorithm, launched in 2015, uses deep learning to improve search results?

Possible answers:

  • RankBrain
  • TensorFlow
  • PageRank
  • DeepMind

Explanation: RankBrain is an artificial intelligence system used by Google since 2015 to process search queries and improve result relevance.

Question 7 : Which company developed the Watson supercomputer that beat human champions at Jeopardy! in 2011?

Possible answers:

  • Microsoft
  • Google
  • Apple
  • IBM

Explanation: IBM developed Watson, an AI system that won the TV show Jeopardy! in 2011 against champions Ken Jennings and Brad Rutter.

Question 8 : What term describes machine learning where the algorithm learns from labeled data?

Possible answers:

  • Unsupervised learning
  • Deep learning
  • Supervised learning
  • Reinforcement learning

Explanation: Supervised learning uses labeled data (with correct answers) to train models, unlike unsupervised learning.

Question 9 : Which neural network architecture, invented in 2017, is the foundation of models like GPT and BERT?

Possible answers:

  • CNN
  • GAN
  • Transformer
  • RNN

Explanation: The Transformer architecture, introduced in the paper "Attention is All You Need" in 2017, revolutionized natural language processing and is the basis of GPT, BERT, and Claude.

Question 10 : Which test created in 1950 evaluates whether a machine can imitate human thought?

Possible answers:

  • Test de von Neumann
  • Test de Lovelace
  • Test de Turing
  • Test de Shannon

Explanation: The Turing test, proposed in 1950 in the paper "Computing Machinery and Intelligence", evaluates whether a machine can exhibit intelligent behavior indistinguishable from that of a human.

Question 11 : Which AI technique generates images from text descriptions like "an astronaut cat"?

Possible answers:

  • OCR
  • AI image generation
  • Facial recognition
  • Compression d'images

Explanation: AI image generation (like DALL-E, Midjourney, Stable Diffusion) uses diffusion models to create images from text prompts.

Question 12 : What concept describes the risk that a superintelligent AI might pursue goals contrary to human interests?

Possible answers:

  • Alignment problem
  • Technological singularity
  • Echo chamber effect
  • Biais algorithmique

Explanation: The AI alignment problem concerns the difficulty of ensuring that an advanced AI pursues beneficial goals aligned with human values.

Question 13 : Which Elon Musk company develops brain implants to connect the brain to a computer?

Possible answers:

  • The Boring Company
  • Tesla
  • SpaceX
  • Neuralink

Explanation: Neuralink, founded by Elon Musk in 2016, develops brain implants to create direct interfaces between the human brain and computers.

Question 14 : What type of neural network is particularly effective for image recognition?

Possible answers:

  • Réseau de Hopfield
  • Multilayer perceptron
  • Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)
  • Recurrent Neural Network (RNN)

Explanation: Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are specially designed to process grid-like data such as images, using convolution layers that detect visual features.

Question 15 : What term describes an AI model's ability to explain its decisions in an understandable way?

Possible answers:

  • IA symbolique
  • IA faible
  • Generative AI
  • IA explicable

Explanation: Explainable AI (XAI) aims to make AI model decisions transparent and understandable to humans, unlike "black boxes".

Question 16 : Which open-source Google framework has become a standard for machine learning model development?

Possible answers:

  • TensorFlow
  • React
  • Angular
  • Flutter

Explanation: TensorFlow, developed by Google Brain and made open-source in 2015, is one of the most popular frameworks for creating and training machine learning models.

Question 17 : What phenomenon occurs when an AI model memorizes training data instead of generalizing?

Possible answers:

  • Hallucination
  • Sous-apprentissage
  • Dérive des données
  • Overfitting

Explanation: Overfitting occurs when a model adapts too closely to training data and loses its ability to generalize to new data.

Question 18 : Which technology allows autonomous cars to detect their environment in 3D using lasers?

Possible answers:

  • Sonar
  • GPS
  • LiDAR
  • Radar

Explanation: LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) uses laser beams to create a detailed 3D map of the environment, essential for autonomous vehicle navigation.

Question 19 : What term describes synthetic content (videos, audio) created by AI to deceive viewers?

Possible answers:

  • Morphing
  • Deepfake
  • Photomontage
  • Fake news

Explanation: Deepfakes use AI to create hyperrealistic synthetic content, such as videos where one person's face is replaced with another's.

Question 20 : Which quantum computing concept could threaten the security of current cryptography?

Possible answers:

  • Artificial general intelligence
  • Suprématie quantique
  • Virtual reality
  • Internet des objets

Explanation: Quantum supremacy and quantum algorithms like Shor's could break current RSA cryptography systems, hence the development of post-quantum cryptography.

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