Great Art Movements

Explanation: Impressionism gets its name from Monet's painting exhibited in 1874. This movement favors natural light, visible brushstrokes, and everyday scenes.

Explanation: Surrealism, influenced by Freud's psychoanalysis, explores the unconscious and the world of dreams.

Explanation: Wassily Kandinsky painted the first abstract works around 1910, freeing art from representation.

Explanation: Picasso painted Les Demoiselles d'Avignon in 1907, breaking with traditional perspective.

Explanation: Fauvism, born in 1905, uses pure and violent colors. Henri Matisse and André Derain are its major figures. The term "fauves" (wild beasts) was used by a shocked critic.

Explanation: The Baroque (1600-1750) is characterized by movement, chiaroscuro contrasts, and grandeur. Caravaggio, Rubens, and Bernini are its major figures.

Explanation: Andy Warhol created his Campbell's soup can screen prints in 1962, becoming a Pop Art icon. His Marilyn Monroe portraits are also famous.

Explanation: Dadaism was born during World War I, as a reaction to the absurdity of the conflict.

Explanation: Romanticism (1800-1850) was a reaction against Enlightenment rationalism. Delacroix, Géricault, and Caspar David Friedrich are its major painting representatives.

Explanation: Jackson Pollock revolutionized art by dripping paint onto canvases laid on the ground.

Explanation: Japonism refers to the influence of Japanese art (ukiyo-e prints) on 19th-century Western artists. Monet, Van Gogh, and Degas were deeply influenced.

Explanation: Art Nouveau (1890-1910) draws inspiration from nature with its curves and arabesques. Alphonse Mucha, Hector Guimard (Paris metro), and Antoni Gaudí are iconic representatives.

Explanation: Piet Mondrian is famous for his paintings of black grids with rectangles of primary colors.

Explanation: Gustave Courbet (1819-1877) founded the Realist movement by painting everyday scenes without idealization. "A Burial at Ornans" (1850) shocked audiences with its raw depiction of peasant life.

Explanation: Italian Futurism (1909) exalts modernity, automobiles, and rejects the artistic past.

Explanation: Color Field painting, with artists like Mark Rothko, creates meditative works of pure colors.

Explanation: Marcel Duchamp revolutionized art with his "ready-mades", questioning the very definition of art.

Explanation: Roy Lichtenstein popularized Pop Art with his enlarged reproductions of comic book panels.

Explanation: Edvard Munch painted The Scream in 1893, an iconic work of expressionism and modern anxiety.

Explanation: German Expressionism was born with the group Die Brücke (The Bridge) founded in 1905 in Dresden. A reaction to the industrial world, it favors raw emotion through garish colors and distortions.